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(Greek: stereos = solid; phone = sound) Generally, a term used to refer to the spatial distribution of sound, normally using AUDIO technology. More specifically, a form of reproduction which records, transmits and reproduces the original sound with two CHANNELs, regardless of the number of loudspeakers used. Also abbreviated to stereo.
Also called flanging or flangeing. An effect created by adding together two identical SIGNALs separated by a very short time delay (less than 25 ms, but strongest below 10 ms). These short delays are within the audio WAVELENGTH range, and the combination of the two signals affects the frequency SPECTRUM of the composite sound.
The use of reflected SOUND WAVEs for obtaining environmental information. Certain animals, such as the bat and the porpoise, emit pulses of extremely high frequency sound (up to 50 kHz for bats, and up to 170 kHz for porpoises and whales) in narrow, intense streams. The REFLECTION, or ECHO, of these sounds supplies information regarding the nature and location of objects in the environment. When an emission of varying frequency is used, such as with bats, the echoes, travelling varying distances to the ear, are heard as different frequencies in each ear, thus supplying directional information.
When sounds are conducted separately and independently to each ear via tubes or headphones, the sounds are said to be heard dichotically. In various psychoacoustic experiments, isolation of the function of each ear is desirable, such as in the testing or simulation of BINAURAL HEARING with the PRECEDENCE EFFECT, or in testing preferences for different sounds presented simultaneously to separate ears.